On calibrating measurements of packet transit times
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Measurements and analysis of end-to-end Internet dynamics
Measurements and analysis of end-to-end Internet dynamics
Analysis of link failures in an IP backbone
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Achieving sub-second IGP convergence in large IP networks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
OSPF monitoring: architecture, design and deployment experience
NSDI'04 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation - Volume 1
Standardized active measurements on a tier 1 IP backbone
IEEE Communications Magazine
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In this paper we show data plane restoration measurements for restoration under backbone link failures for a large network with IP/MPLS OSPF routing and also for the same backbone with Traffic Engineering (TE) and Fast Reroute (FRR) deployed. Our study is unique as we analyzed a significant quantity of measurements obtained from a production network over a 14-month period encompassing many link failures. The results show that TE/FRR restoration reduces outage-induced loss-duration substantially as compared to OSPF restoration. We also note that for both OSPF and FRR the course of restoration is not as simple as is commonly believed. A detailed study of the data shows that while loss-duration and overall duration is much reduced, TE/FRR results in path changes with no detectable loss over a period of seconds. Thus implementation of TE/FRR in a network results in a vast improvement in behavior for all data flows.