SIGMETRICS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
The Case for Application-Specific Benchmarking
HOTOS '99 Proceedings of the The Seventh Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems
Xen and the art of virtualization
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Dynamic estimation of CPU demand of web traffic
valuetools '06 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools
High performance VMM-bypass I/O in virtual machines
ATEC '06 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX '06 Annual Technical Conference
A Regression-Based Analytic Model for Dynamic Resource Provisioning of Multi-Tier Applications
ICAC '07 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomic Computing
Usher: an extensible framework for managing custers of virtual machines
LISA'07 Proceedings of the 21st conference on Large Installation System Administration Conference
Bridging the gap between software and hardware techniques for I/O virtualization
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Profiling and Modeling Resource Usage of Virtualized Applications
Middleware '08 Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 9th International Middleware Conference
Enforcing performance isolation across virtual machines in Xen
Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 2006 International Conference on Middleware
IO performance prediction in consolidated virtualized environments
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance engineering
Black-box and gray-box strategies for virtual machine migration
NSDI'07 Proceedings of the 4th USENIX conference on Networked systems design & implementation
Find your best match: predicting performance of consolidated workloads
ICPE '12 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
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Server virtualization brings benefits in autonomic resource management, but also leads to new challenges. The challenge the paper addresses is on profiling physical resource utilization information of VMs when consolidated on a single server. Profiling is very difficult due to dynamic mapping relationships of resource activities between the virtual layer and the physical layer. The problem is further exacerbated by cross-resource utilization causality relationships due to virtualization overhead and resource utilization multiplexing across different VMs. We formulate profiling as a source separation problem as studied in digital signal processing, and design a directed factor graph (DFG) to model the multivariate dependence relationships among different resources (CPU, memory, disk, network) across virtual and physical layers. A benchmark based methodology is designed to build a DFG based model for the VM information calibration problem. A run-time calibration mechanism is proposed based on the DFG based model and further enhanced with a robust remodeling method based on guided regression. The proposed methodology outputs estimates of physical resource utilization on individual VMs and physical server aggregate resource utilization. We present a case study using the Xen-virtualization platform and evaluate the methodology for different consolidation scenarios with diverse applications including RUBiS, IOzone, SysBench, and Netperf. The results show that the DFG calibration significantly improves the accuracy of the resource utilization information collected within guest VMs as it reduces relative errors in CPU utilization from 44.8% down to 3.9% for CPU-intensive applications and relative errors in disk write rate from 391.5% down to 10.6% for IO-intensive applications, strongly arguing for the effectiveness of the proposed DFG calibration methodology.