Distributed Detection and Data Fusion
Distributed Detection and Data Fusion
Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Telos: enabling ultra-low power wireless research
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Lowering radio duty cycle through temperature compensated timing
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
ACES: adaptive clock estimation and synchronization using Kalman filtering
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Low-power clock synchronization using electromagnetic energy radiating from AC power lines
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Optimal clock synchronization in networks
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
A tale of two synchronizing clocks
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
High-resolution, low-power time synchronization an oxymoron no more
Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks
Demo: a sensor network time synchronization protocol based on fm radio data system
MobiSys '11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
FLIGHT: clock calibration using fluorescent lighting
Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Clock calibration using fluorescent lighting
Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Exploiting ephemeral link correlation for mobile wireless networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
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Clock synchronization is critical for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to the need of inter-node coordination and collaborative information processing. Although many message passing protocols can achieve satisfactory clock synchronization accuracy, they incur prohibitively high overhead when the network scales to more than tens of nodes. An alternative approach is to take advantage of the global time reference induced by existing infrastructures including GPS, timekeeping radio stations, or power grid. However, high power consumption and geographic constraints present them from being widely adopted in WSNs. In this paper, we propose ROCS, a new clock synchronization approach exploiting the Radio Data System (RDS) of FM radios. First, we design a new hardware FM receiver that can extract a periodic pulse from FM broadcasts, referred to as RDS clock. We then conduct a large-scale measurement study of RDS clock in our lab for a period of six days and on a vehicle driving through a metropolitan area of over 40 $km^2$. Our results show that RDS clock is highly stable and hence is a viable means to calibrate the clocks of large-scale city-wide sensor networks. To reduce the high power consumption of FM receiver, ROCS intelligently predicts the time error due to drift, and adaptively calibrates the native clock via the RDS clock. We implement ROCS in TinyOS on our hardware FM receiver and a TelosB-compatible WSN platform. Our extensive experiments using a 12-node testbed and our driving measurement traces show that ROCS achieves accurate and precise clock synchronization with low power consumption.