Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Ant-based load balancing in telecommunications networks
Adaptive Behavior
Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems
Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems
The ant colony optimization meta-heuristic
New ideas in optimization
Ant algorithms for discrete optimization
Artificial Life
Swarm intelligence
Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The Vision of Autonomic Computing
Computer
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
The many faces of publish/subscribe
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Medians and beyond: new aggregation techniques for sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A new networking model for biological applications of ad hoc sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Ant Colony Optimization
AHS '06 Proceedings of the first NASA/ESA conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems
A comprehensive review of nature inspired routing algorithms for fixed telecommunication networks
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal - Special issue: Nature-inspired applications and systems
Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Applications
Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Applications
Energy and quality aware query processing in wireless sensor database systems
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Self-Organized Data-Gathering Scheme for Multi-Sink Sensor Networks Inspired by Swarm Intelligence
SASO '07 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems
A biologically-inspired clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
Jumping ant routing algorithm for sensor networks
Computer Communications
A Routing Strategy Based on Ant Algorithm for WSN
ICNC '07 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Computation - Volume 05
An Ant Colony Algorithm for Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks
SENSORCOMM '07 Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications
Aggregation in sensor networks with a user-provided quality of service goal
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Aggregation pheromone density based data clustering
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A formal performance modeling framework for bio-inspired ad hoc routing protocols
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Data aggregation in wireless sensor networks using ant colony algorithm
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
A probabilistic zonal approach for swarm-inspired wildfire detection using sensor networks
International Journal of Communication Systems
Ant colony-based many-to-one sensory data routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
AICCSA '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications
Survey of Wireless Sensor Networks Simulation Tools for Demanding Applications
ICNS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth International Conference on Networking and Services
Computational Intelligence: An Introduction
Computational Intelligence: An Introduction
BeeSensor: A Bee-Inspired Power Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Proceedings of the 2007 EvoWorkshops 2007 on EvoCoMnet, EvoFIN, EvoIASP,EvoINTERACTION, EvoMUSART, EvoSTOC and EvoTransLog: Applications of Evolutionary Computing
AntNet: distributed stigmergetic control for communications networks
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A study of particle swarm optimization particle trajectories
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Distributed routing in wireless sensor networks using energy welfare metric
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Pheromone based energy aware directed diffusion algorithm for wireless sensor network
ICIC'07 Proceedings of the intelligent computing 3rd international conference on Advanced intelligent computing theories and applications
On performance modeling of ad hoc routing protocols
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
An energy-efficient ant-based routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks
ANTS'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence
ACO based qos routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks
UIC'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing
Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey
IEEE Wireless Communications
An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Ant colony optimization for routing and load-balancing: survey and new directions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
IEEE Communications Magazine
Information-directed routing in ad hoc sensor networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Information Sciences: an International Journal
State estimation with asynchronous multi-rate multi-smart sensors
Information Sciences: an International Journal
BeeSensor: An energy-efficient and scalable routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Ant-Based systems for wireless networks: retrospect and prospects
IWSOS'12 Proceedings of the 6th IFIP TC 6 international conference on Self-Organizing Systems
Comprehensive QoS analysis of enhanced distributed channel access in wireless local area networks
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Swarm intelligence supported e-remanufacturing
ICSI'12 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advances in Swarm Intelligence - Volume Part I
Performance of termite-hill routing algorithm on sink mobility in wireless sensor networks
ICSI'12 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advances in Swarm Intelligence - Volume Part II
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Gravitation based classification
Information Sciences: an International Journal
The effect of load on agent-based algorithms for distributed task allocation
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A store-carry-process-and-forward paradigm for intelligent sensor grids
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Marine communities based congestion control in underwater wireless sensor networks
Information Sciences: an International Journal
An artificial bee colony algorithm for the maximally diverse grouping problem
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Convergence results for ant routing algorithms via stochastic approximation
ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS)
Review: A survey on intelligent routing protocols in wireless sensor networks
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
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Swarm intelligence is a relatively novel field. It addresses the study of the collective behaviors of systems made by many components that coordinate using decentralized controls and self-organization. A large part of the research in swarm intelligence has focused on the reverse engineering and the adaptation of collective behaviors observed in natural systems with the aim of designing effective algorithms for distributed optimization. These algorithms, like their natural systems of inspiration, show the desirable properties of being adaptive, scalable, and robust. These are key properties in the context of network routing, and in particular of routing in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, in the last decade, a number of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks have been developed according to the principles of swarm intelligence, and, in particular, taking inspiration from the foraging behaviors of ant and bee colonies. In this paper, we provide an extensive survey of these protocols. We discuss the general principles of swarm intelligence and of its application to routing. We also introduce a novel taxonomy for routing protocols in wireless sensor networks and use it to classify the surveyed protocols. We conclude the paper with a critical analysis of the status of the field, pointing out a number of fundamental issues related to the (mis) use of scientific methodology and evaluation procedures, and we identify some future research directions.