Quantum lower bounds for fanout

  • Authors:
  • M. Fang;S. Fenner;F. Green;S. Homer;Y. Zhang

  • Affiliations:
  • Computer Science Department, Boston University, Boston, MA;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC;Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Clark University, Worcester, MA;Computer Science Department, Boston University, Boston, MA;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC

  • Venue:
  • Quantum Information & Computation
  • Year:
  • 2006

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Abstract

We consider the resource bounded quantum circuit model with circuits restricted by thenumber of qubits they act upon and by their depth. Focusing on natural universal setsof gates which are familiar from classical circuit theory, several new lower bounds forconstant depth quantum circuits are proved. The main result is that parity (and hencefanout) requires log depth quantum circuits, when the circuits are composed of singlequbit and arbitrary size Toffoli gates, and when they use only constantly many ancillæ.Under this constraint, this bound is close to optimal. In the case of a non-constantnumber a of ancillæ and n input qubits, we give a tradeoff between a and the requireddepth, that results in a non-constant lower bound for fanout when a = n1-o(1). We alsoshow that, regardless of the number of ancillæ arbitrary arity Toffoli gates cannot besimulated exactly by a constant depth circuit family with gates of bounded arity.