The algorithmic beauty of plants
The algorithmic beauty of plants
A Taxonomy for artificial embryogeny
Artificial Life
Achieving a simple development model for 3D shapes: are chemicals necessary?
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Why are evolved developing organisms also fault-tolerant?
SAB'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on From Animals to Animats: simulation of Adaptive Behavior
Co-evolution of morphology and control of soft-bodied multicellular animats
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Evolutionary design of soft-bodied animats with decentralized control
Artificial Life and Robotics
Hi-index | 0.00 |
We present a model of three-dimensional artificial embryogenesis in which a multicellular embryo develops controlled by a continuous regulatory network encoded in a linear genome. Development takes place in a continuous space, with spherical cells of variable size, and is controlled by simulated physics. We apply a genetic algorithm to the problem of the simultaneous evolution of morphology and patterning into colour stripes and demonstrate how the system achieves the task by exploiting physical forces and using self-generated morphogen gradients. We observe a high degree of robustness to damage in evolved individuals and explore the limits of the system using more complex variations of the problem. We find that the system remains highly evolvable despite the increased complexity of three-dimensional space and the flexible coding of the genome requiring from evolution to invent all necessary morphogens and transcription factors.