An approach to incremental design of distributed embedded systems
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Extensible and Scalable Time Triggered Scheduling
ACSD '05 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design
Sustainable Scheduling Analysis
RTSS '06 Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Timing analysis of the FlexRay communication protocol
Real-Time Systems
FlexRay schedule optimization of the static segment
CODES+ISSS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Computing robustness of FlexRay schedules to uncertainties in design parameters
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
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FlexRay has emerged as the de-facto next generation in-vehicle communication protocol. Messages are scheduled incrementally on FlexRay according to the automotive design paradigm where new applications are added iteratively. On this account, the schedules must be (i) sustainable, i.e., when messages are added in later iterations, they must preserve deadline guarantees of existing messages and (ii) extensible, i.e., they must accommodate future messages without changes to existing schedules. Unfortunately, traditionally used metrics of sustainability and extensibility for timing and schedulability analysis are generic and can not be trivially adapted to FlexRay schedules. This is because of platform-specific properties of FlexRay like being a hybrid paradigm, where both time-triggered and event-triggered segments are used for communication. In this paper, we first introduce new notions of sustainability and extensibility for FlexRay that capture protocol-specific properties and then present novel metrics to quantify sustainable and extensible schedules. We demonstrate the applicability of our results with industrial-size case studies and show that our proposed metrics may be visually represented allowing easy interpretation by system designers in the automotive industry.