The active badge location system
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The anatomy of a context-aware application
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
LANDMARC: Indoor Location Sensing Using Active RFID
PERCOM '03 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
VOR base stations for indoor 802.11 positioning
Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
WALRUS: wireless acoustic location with room-level resolution using ultrasound
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Sensor-assisted wi-fi indoor location system for adapting to environmental dynamics
MSWiM '05 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international symposium on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Directional geographical routing for real-time video communications in wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Energy-efficient differentiated directed diffusion (EDDD) in wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
Code-Centric RFID System Based on Software Agent Intelligence
IEEE Intelligent Systems
A 2G-RFID-based e-healthcare system
IEEE Wireless Communications
Simulation-based analysis for a heterogeneous indoor localization scheme
CCNC'10 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE conference on Consumer communications and networking conference
Mobile Networks and Applications
Three step bluetooth positioning
LoCA'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Location- and Context-Awareness
Applications and design issues for mobile agents in wireless sensor networks
IEEE Wireless Communications
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As the swift development and deployment of WiFi networking infrastructure with the lower price to provide the wider coverage, WiFi-based positioning approaches have been one of the 'best practices' in both outdoor and indoor environment. In this paper, an overview of various approaches for WiFi-based positioning is presented. The WiFi-based positioning approaches are categorised into cell-ID, angle of arrival (AOA), received signal strength (RSS), time of arrival (TOA) and time difference of arrival (TDOA). The basic idea and ranging accuracy are presented to compare the different approaches. As the most practical methods, fingerprinting and TDOA approaches are elaborated and some advanced methods based on them are also provided to show the improvement. The different approaches are basically evaluated by their ranging accuracy, but the system privacy and scalability, as the other two key directions to evaluate a positioning system, are also discussed in this paper.