WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
Learning dictionaries for information extraction by multi-level bootstrapping
AAAI '99/IAAI '99 Proceedings of the sixteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence and the eleventh Innovative applications of artificial intelligence conference innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Extracting focused knowledge from the semantic web
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Ontology Learning for the Semantic Web
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Automatic Ontology-Based Knowledge Extraction from Web Documents
IEEE Intelligent Systems
The eXtensible Rule Markup Language
Communications of the ACM - Wireless networking security
Automatic acquisition of domain knowledge for Information Extraction
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
Statistical acquisition of content selection rules for natural language generation
EMNLP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Empirical methods in natural language processing
Rule identification using ontology while acquiring rules from Web pages
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
BioNoculars: extracting protein-protein interactions from biomedical text
BioNLP '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on BioNLP 2007: Biological, Translational, and Clinical Language Processing
Extracting lexical reference rules from Wikipedia
ACL '09 Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP: Volume 1 - Volume 1
Rule identification from Web pages by the XRML approach
Decision Support Systems
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The majority of knowledge on the Web is encoded in unstructured text and is not linked to formalized knowledge, such as ontologies and rules. A potential solution to this problem is to acquire this knowledge through natural language processing and text mining methods. Prior work has focused on automatically extracting RDF- or OWL-based ontologies from text; however, the type of knowledge acquired is generally restricted to simple term hierarchies. This paper presents a general-purpose framework for acquiring more complex relationships from text and then encoding this knowledge as rules. Our approach starts with existing domain knowledge in the form of OWL ontologies and Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules and applies natural language processing and text matching techniques to deduce classes and properties. It then captures deductive knowledge in the form of new rules. We have evaluated our framework by applying it to web-based text on car rental requirements. We show that our approach can automatically and accurately generate rules for requirements of car rental companies not in the knowledge base. Our framework thus rapidly acquires complex knowledge from free text sources. We are expanding it to handle richer domains, such as medical science.