Genetic programming: an introduction: on the automatic evolution of computer programs and its applications
Theory of evolutionary algorithms: a bird's eye view
Theoretical Computer Science - Special issue on evolutionary computation
Multi-Objective Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Multi-Objective Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: A New Tool for Evolutionary Computation
Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: A New Tool for Evolutionary Computation
An Investigation of Niche and Species Formation in Genetic Function Optimization
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
PPSN VII Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
Measurement of Population Diversity
Selected Papers from the 5th European Conference on Artificial Evolution
Introduction to Evolutionary Computing
Introduction to Evolutionary Computing
An experimental study of some control parameters in parallel genetic programming
Neural, Parallel & Scientific Computations
Maximally rugged NK landscapes contain the highest peaks
GECCO '05 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
GECCO '05 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Cooperative Multi-Agent Learning: The State of the Art
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Evolutionary Computation
Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems (Genetic and Evolutionary Computation)
Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems (Genetic and Evolutionary Computation)
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Analysis of estimation of distribution algorithms and genetic algorithms on NK landscapes
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Coarse grain parallelization of evolutionary algorithms on GPGPU cards with EASEA
Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Graph-based evolutionary algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
The effect of vesicular selection in dynamic environments
Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
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Abstract: Directed protein evolution has led to major advances in organic chemistry, enabling the development of highly optimised proteins. The SELEX method has also been highly effective in evolving ribose nucleic acid (RNA) or deoxy-ribose nucleic acid (DNA) molecules; variants have been proposed which allow SELEX to be used in protein evolution. All of these methods can be viewed as evolutionary algorithms implemented in chemistry. A number of methods rely on selection of natural cells, or of artificial bubbles. These methods result in a new form of selection mechanism, which we call vesicular selection (VS). It is not, prima facie, clear whether VS is an effective selection mechanism, or how its performance is affected by changes in vesicle size. It is difficult to investigate this in vitro, so we use in silico methods derived from evolutionary computation. The primary aim is to test whether this selection method hinders biochemical evolutionary search (in which case, it might be worth investing research effort in discovering alternative selection methods). An in silico implementation of this selection method, embedded in an otherwise-typical evolutionary computation system, shows reasonable ability to solve tough optimisation problems, together with an acceptable ability to concentrate the solutions found. We compare it with tournament selection (TS), a standard evolutionary computation method, which can be finely tuned for high selection pressure, but only coarsely tuned for low selection pressure. By contrast, the new selection mechanism VS is highly tunable at low selection pressures. It is thus particularly suited to problem domains where extensive exploration capabilities are required. Since there is very good reason to believe that protein search spaces require highly exploratory search, the selection mechanism is well matched to its application in combinatorial chemistry.