Response time and display rate in human performance with computers
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Waiting Time Distributions for Processor-Sharing Systems
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Performance Guarantees for Web Server End-Systems: A Control-Theoretical Approach
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Markov Decision Processes: Discrete Stochastic Dynamic Programming
Markov Decision Processes: Discrete Stochastic Dynamic Programming
Web Server Software Architectures
IEEE Internet Computing
Cataclysm: policing extreme overloads in internet applications
WWW '05 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
An analytical model for multi-tier internet services and its applications
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Resource Allocation for Autonomic Data Centers using Analytic Performance Models
ICAC '05 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Automatic Computing
Modelling End-to-end Quality-of-Service for Transaction-Based Services in Multi-Domain Environments
ICWS '06 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Web Services
Autonomic Provisioning of Backend Databases in Dynamic Content Web Servers
ICAC '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing
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Modern Internet systems have evolved from simple monolithic systems to complex multi-tiered architectures. For these systems, providing good response time performance is crucial for commercial success. In practice, the response-time performance of multi-tiered systems is often degraded by severe synchronization problems, causing jobs to wait for responses from different tiers. Synchronization between different tiers is a complicating factor in the optimal control and analysis of performance. In this paper, we study a generic multi-tier model with synchronization in a queuing-theoretical setting. The system is able to share processing capacity between arriving jobs that need to be sent to other tiers and the responses that have arrived after processing from these tiers. We provide structural results on the optimal resource allocation policy and provide a full characterization of the policy in the framework of Markov decision theory. We also highlight important effects of synchronization in the model. We validate our expressions through extensive experimentations for a wide range of resource configurations.