ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 1) - Volume 1
Qualitative similarity measures-The case of two-dimensional outlines
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
SHAPE FROM POSITIONAL-CONTRAST: Characterising Sketches with Qualitative Line Arrangements
SHAPE FROM POSITIONAL-CONTRAST: Characterising Sketches with Qualitative Line Arrangements
A Self-Adaptive Method for Extraction of Document-Specific Alphabets
ICDAR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Towards the visualisation of shape features: the scope histogram
KI'06 Proceedings of the 29th annual German conference on Artificial intelligence
Glyph extraction from historic document images
Proceedings of the 10th ACM symposium on Document engineering
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This chapter describes methods required for transforming complex document images into texts. The goal is to make the contents of those documents available for search engines, which are not born-digital but converted from a physical medium to a digital format. Established optical character recognition methods fail for documents for which no assumptions can be made regarding the, probably unknown, symbols contained in the document, historic documents being the example domain par excellence. This paper, however, has a much broader goal: it outlines fundamental problems as well as a methodology in the dealing with documents containing unknown and arbitrary symbols in order to provide a basis for discussions and future work within the digital library community. In particular, future advances will more closely require the interaction of researchers concerned with such diverse topics as document digitisation, reproduction, and preservation as well as search engines, cross-language processing, mobile libraries, and many further areas. Adopting a general view on the presented issues, researchers of the aforementioned areas should be sensitised for the problems met in processing complex, especially historic documents.