Parasocial consensus sampling: combining multiple perspectives to learn virtual human behavior
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: volume 1 - Volume 1
Backchannel strategies for artificial listeners
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
The multiLis corpus - dealing with individual differences in nonverbal listening behavior
Proceedings of the Third COST 2102 international training school conference on Toward autonomous, adaptive, and context-aware multimodal interfaces: theoretical and practical issues
Speaker-adaptive multimodal prediction model for listener responses
Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction
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This paper compares two methods to collect multiple perspectives on the appropriate timing of listener responses. Based on the results of the multiple perspectives from both methods a virtual listener produces head nods at appropriate times and times not indicated as appropriate and let a human observer assess the appropriateness of each individual head nod. This way we collected multiple perspectives on inappropriate timing of listener responses. Combining all these perspectives we get a view on the graded optionality and graded inappropriateness of listener responses in certain contexts.