SIGCOMM '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '97 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Effects of communication latency, overhead, and bandwidth in a cluster architecture
Proceedings of the 24th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Hashed and hierarchical timing wheels: efficient data structures for implementing a timer facility
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Critical Path Profiling of Message Passing and Shared-Memory Programs
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Performance and scalability of EJB applications
OOPSLA '02 Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
DPM: A Measurement System for Distributed Programs
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Pinpoint: Problem Determination in Large, Dynamic Internet Services
DSN '02 Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
Automatic Failure-Path Inference: A Generic Introspection Technique for Internet Applications
WIAPP '03 Proceedings of the The Third IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications
Performance debugging for distributed systems of black boxes
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Computing on the edge: a platform for replicating internet applications
Web content caching and distribution
Deconstructing Commodity Storage Clusters
Proceedings of the 32nd annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
On the performance of wide-area thin-client computing
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
WAP5: black-box performance debugging for wide-area systems
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web
Using magpie for request extraction and workload modelling
OSDI'04 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6
E2EProf: Automated End-to-End Performance Management for Enterprise Systems
DSN '07 Proceedings of the 37th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
Towards highly reliable enterprise network services via inference of multi-level dependencies
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Automating network application dependency discovery: experiences, limitations, and new solutions
OSDI'08 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation
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Managing geographically dispersed deployments of complex multitier applications involves dealing with the substantial effects of network latency. However, the effects of network latency on an application's end-to-end performance can be far from obvious, thus making it difficult to predict the true impact of infrastructure changes such as network upgrades or server relocation on the users of an application. In this paper, we propose a new metric to quantify this impact called the link gradient. We develop a novel noise-resistant, nonintrusive technique to measure the link gradients in running systems without requiring knowledge of the system structure by using a combination of run-time delay injection and spectral analysis. We evaluate the intrusiveness and accuracy of our approach using micro-benchmarks and a deployment of two benchmark multitier Web applications on PlanetLab. Using these results, we show that link gradients can be used to accurately predict the impact of network latency changes on the end-to-end responsiveness of individual application transactions, even in new application configurations and without requiring a dedicated test environment.