A Spatiotemporal Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
The effects of ranging noise on multihop localization: an empirical study
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
StarDust: a flexible architecture for passive localization in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Localized Sensor Area Coverage with Low Communication Overhead
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Energy-efficient coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks
Computer Communications
Decentralized enterprise systems: a multiplatform wireless sensor network approach
IEEE Wireless Communications
Energy-efficient detection in sensor networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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Energy-efficiency is an essential feature of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where the longevity of autonomous sensor nodes is limited by their battery life and/or energy-harvesting capability. Base-station-initiated optical wireless communication with nodes equipped with a passive optical transmitter in the form of a corner cube retroreflector (CCR) provides sensor acquisition with no energy expenditure on the part of the sensor node itself and is therefore an attractive option for WSN. However, the return signal from an illuminated sensor node is a stochastic variable dependant on fabrication parameters, ambient conditions and receiver noise so that the sensor acquisition process is inherently error-prone. In this paper we propose an energy-aware, base station-initiated interrogation scheme based on exponentially increasing beam scan areas, that takes into consideration the error-prone trait of CCR-outfitted sensor nodes. We analyse the scheme performance subject to different values of signal variance and various cost functions. We extend the analysis to address the circumstance of a spatially-limited sensor-failure event, such as may be caused by deliberate tampering or by environmental factors. We show that agile beam-steering on the basis of accrued knowledge of contaminated sensor distributions promotes energy-conserving acquisition. The validity of a Poisson spatial distribution model for the sensor dispersion is discussed and the impact of this initial assumption on acquisition error is demonstrated.