Foundations of statistical natural language processing
Foundations of statistical natural language processing
Spatial analysis of crime using gis-based data: weighted spatial adaptive filtering and chaotic cellular forecasting with applications to street-level drug markets
GATE: an architecture for development of robust HLT applications
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Introduction to the CoNLL-2003 shared task: language-independent named entity recognition
CONLL '03 Proceedings of the seventh conference on Natural language learning at HLT-NAACL 2003 - Volume 4
Experiments with geographic knowledge for information extraction
HLT-NAACL-GEOREF '03 Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL 2003 workshop on Analysis of geographic references - Volume 1
Grounding spatial named entities for information extraction and question answering
HLT-NAACL-GEOREF '03 Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL 2003 workshop on Analysis of geographic references - Volume 1
Geographic reference analysis for geographic document querying
HLT-NAACL-GEOREF '03 Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL 2003 workshop on Analysis of geographic references - Volume 1
Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation (3rd Edition)
Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation (3rd Edition)
Georeferencing: The Geographic Associations of Information (Digital Libraries and Electronic Publishing)
Incorporating non-local information into information extraction systems by Gibbs sampling
ACL '05 Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSPATIAL international conference on Advances in geographic information systems
Linguistically motivated large-scale NLP with C&C and boxer
ACL '07 Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the ACL on Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions
Every document has a geographical scope
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Duking it out at the smartphone mobile app mapping API corral: Apple, Google, and the competition
Proceedings of the First ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Mobile Geographic Information Systems
Market intelligence: linked data-driven entity resolution for customer and competitor analysis
ICWE'13 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Web Engineering
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Recognizing spatial language in text documents, termed geoparsing, is useful for many applications, because together with mapping such language to lat/long values, also known as geocoding, it enables the connection of the unstructured textual realm with the structured realm of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) [11]. For example, news stories about events happening in a particular location can be explored on a map for a spatial understanding of these events, as implemented by applications like the European Media Monitor (EMM) [18] and NewsStand [13, 20]. Web pages, blogs, encyclopedia articles, news stories, tweets and travel reports can all benefit from such interlinking with maps, which requires the recognition of spatial language. Note that geoparsing can be considered as a more specific application of the task of Named Entity Recognition and Classification (NERC): NERC is concerned with automatically recognizing proper nouns of any kind, often meant to include monetary amounts, dates, and other types, while geoparsing is the NERC task applied to locations specifically. Geoparsing is also known by many names in the literature, including geotagging, georecognition, and toponym recognition, but for consistency, here we will refer only to geoparsing. In this paper, we provide an overview of the challenges related to geoparsing, several families of geoparsing methods, existing systems and data collections available for performing geoparsing, and open research questions related to geoparsing.