HCI Beyond the GUI: Design for Haptic, Speech, Olfactory, and Other Nontraditional Interfaces
HCI Beyond the GUI: Design for Haptic, Speech, Olfactory, and Other Nontraditional Interfaces
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The design of a four degree-of-freedom, force-reflecting manipulandum for manual interaction with virtual environments is presented. The device emulates a handtool which the operator can use to explore and manipulator virtual objects. The performance of the device (its including to generate a broad range of impedances) is determined by a variety of factors, including the inherent dynamics of the manipulator, the accuracy and resolution of sensors, and the speed of the digital controller.