Designing emergent behaviors: from local interactions to collective intelligence
Proceedings of the second international conference on From animals to animats 2 : simulation of adaptive behavior: simulation of adaptive behavior
Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Discovering personal gazetteers: an interactive clustering approach
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international workshop on Geographic information systems
Extracting places from traces of locations
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Reality mining: sensing complex social systems
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Computing longest duration flocks in trajectory data
GIS '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems
ESA'06 Proceedings of the 14th conference on Annual European Symposium - Volume 14
The Mobile Sensing Platform: An Embedded Activity Recognition System
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Continuous Clustering of Moving Objects
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Discovery of convoys in trajectory databases
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
What did you do today?: discovering daily routines from large-scale mobile data
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Convoy Queries in Spatio-Temporal Databases
ICDE '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE 24th International Conference on Data Engineering
Towards a taxonomy of movement patterns
Information Visualization
Decentralized Detection of Group Formations from Wearable Acceleration Sensors
CSE '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering - Volume 04
Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
On-line discovery of flock patterns in spatio-temporal data
Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
Improving data association by joint modeling of pedestrian trajectories and groupings
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part I
On discovering moving clusters in spatio-temporal data
SSTD'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases
Indoor positioning using GPS revisited
Pervasive'10 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Pervasive Computing
Detecting pedestrian flocks by fusion of multi-modal sensors in mobile phones
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Sensing group proximity dynamics of firefighting teams using smartphones
Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
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Detecting pedestrians moving together through public spaces can provide relevant information for many location-based social applications. In this work we present an online method to detect such pedestrian flocks by spatio-temporal clustering of location trajectories. Compared to prior work, our method provides increased robustness against the influence of noisy and missing GPS data often encountered in urban environments. To assess the performance of the method, we record GPS trajectories from ten subjects walking through a city. The data set contains various flock formations and corresponding ground truth information is available. With this data set, we can evaluate the accuracy of our method to detect flocks. Results show that we can detect flocks and their members with an accuracy of 91.3%. We evaluate the influence of noisy and missing location data on the detection accuracy and show that the introduced filtering heuristics provides increased detection accuracy in such realistic situations.