The brain response interface: communication through visually-induced electrical brain responses
Journal of Microcomputer Applications - Special issue on computers for handicapped people
Steady-state VEP-based brain-computer interface control in an immersive 3D gaming environment
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Steady state visual evoked potentials by dual sine waves
Proceedings of the 48th Annual Southeast Regional Conference
Nonnegative matrix factorization for motor imagery EEG classification
ICANN'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks - Volume Part II
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Steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is the brain's natural electrical potential response for visual stimuli at specific frequencies. Using a visual stimulus flashing at some given frequency will entrain the SSVEP at the same frequency, thereby allowing determination of the subject's visual focus. The faster an SSVEP is identified, the higher information transmission rate the system achieves. Thus, an effective stimulus, defined as one with high success rate of eliciting SSVEP and high signal-noise ratio, is desired. Also, researchers observed that harmonic frequencies often appear in the SSVEP at a reduced magnitude. Are the harmonics in the SSVEP elicited by the fundamental stimulating frequency or by the artifacts of the stimuli? In this paper, we compare the SSVEP responses of three periodic stimuli: square wave (with different duty cycles), triangle wave, and sine wave to find an effective stimulus. We also demonstrate the connection between the strength of the harmonics in SSVEP and the type of stimulus.