R-MAC: An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks
WASA '07 Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Algorithms,Systems and Applications
MU-Sync: a time synchronization protocol for underwater mobile networks
Proceedings of the third ACM international workshop on Underwater Networks
A CDMA-based medium access control for underwater acoustic sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
System Design Considerations for Undersea Networks: Link and Multiple Access Protocols
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Comparison and Evaluation of the T-Lohi MAC for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
RIPT: A Receiver-Initiated Reservation-Based Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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Underwater acoustic networks have many distinct channel characteristics when compared to terrestrial networks. Long propagation delay, one such characteristic, allows scheduling methods with varying granularity that tradeoff schedule quality with protocol overhead. This work examines several channel scheduling methods to determine at what point protocols find the best balance between performance and overhead. To accomplish this, five scheduling options are detailed and then compared through numerical and simulation results between themselves and to other protocols. The results indicate that scheduling links provides the best performance for the resource investment and that other scheduling options either require significant overhead or provide insufficient performance. While the results show that direct sequence spread spectrum techniques, common at the physical layer in underwater networks, do not yield an improved schedule, they do reduce protocol overhead and scheduling complexity by reducing conflicts in the network.