Lightweight time synchronization for sensor networks
WSNA '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
TSync: a lightweight bidirectional time synchronization service for wireless sensor networks
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review - Special issue on wireless pan & sensor networks
The flooding time synchronization protocol
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Global Clock Synchronization in Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks
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IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Scalable synchronization of clocks in wireless sensor networks
Ad Hoc Networks
Wireless sensor network survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A Mutual Network Synchronization Method for Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey
Ad Hoc Networks
An algorithm for clock synchronization with the gradient property in sensor networks
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Advanced self-correcting time synchronization in wireless sensor networks
IEEE Communications Letters
Reputation-based role assignment for role-based access control in wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
Reconstructing social interactions using an unreliable wireless sensor network
Computer Communications
Secure and self-stabilizing clock synchronization in sensor networks
Theoretical Computer Science
Wireless multimedia sensor networks: A survey
IEEE Wireless Communications
Self-correcting time synchronization using reference broadcast in wireless sensor network
IEEE Wireless Communications
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
A scalable synchronization protocol for large scale sensor networks and its applications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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Most of previous algorithms for time synchronization choose a specific node's (denoted as a root or leader) local time to be the reference time, which is easily disturbed by many events (e.g. root node's power down or damage). The Gaussian distribution for the nodes' local clocks has been reported by a few authors based on laboratory tests, the average of all nodes' clocks is the best approximation to the ideal time. In this paper, the possibility to realize average time synchronization in wireless sensor networks by pairwise messages exchange is studied, and a simple algorithm (ATSP) is proposed, which synchronizes all the nodes' clocks to their average. For networks with clock skew, the algorithm compensates the frequencies of nodes to their average also. Using the Lyapunov's stability theory, convergence analyses and proofs of the algorithm are given. Synchronization error (accuracy) of the algorithm is estimated by using probability theory also, which indicates that the synchronization error of the algorithm is linearly related to the standard deviation of the message delay. Simulations are performed on a 300 nodes network to examine the performance of the algorithm, which verified the theoretical results.