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The IEEE 802.16 standard for mobile broadband wireless access specifies a contention based handover (HO) procedure for its mobile users. There are many HO parameters defined by the standard, which need a fine tuning in order to achieve a satisfactory communication performance. This article presents a precise mathematical model for calculating the impact of handover parameters and an error-prone radio channel over the performance of IEEE 802.16 handover procedure which uses Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) ranging codes. We analytically analyze the handover latency and handover connection dropping probability. The results are compared with experimental measurements conducted on a protocol prototype developed by using Specification and Description Language (SDL). The following parameters are investigated: values of the minimal and maximal contention window size, number of transmission allocations per frame, number of available CDMA ranging codes, timers and maximum retransmission limits used in the processes of ranging, basic capabilities negotiation and registration. We have found that all parameters need to be carefully adjusted in accordance to the network conditions: number of stations performing handover at a same time, WiMAX physical layer working parameters, and frame-error rate in the uplink and downlink radio channel.