Congestion avoidance and control
SIGCOMM '88 Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures and protocols
Improving round-trip time estimates in reliable transport protocols
SIGCOMM '87 Proceedings of the ACM workshop on Frontiers in computer communications technology
Analysis of the increase and decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems
MSWIM '01 Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
TCP-Peach: a new congestion control scheme for satellite IP networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
TCP-DCR: A Novel Protocol for Tolerating Wireless Channel Errors
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Improving TCP performance in integrated wireless communications networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Wireless IP through integration of wireless LAN and cellular networks
A Throughput Analysis of TCP Variants in Mobile Wireless Networks
NGMAST '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Third International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies
An analytic throughput model for TCP NewReno
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
TCP in wireless environments: problems and solutions
IEEE Communications Magazine
TCP-Jersey for wireless IP communications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
TCP Vegas: end to end congestion avoidance on a global Internet
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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TCP receivers deliver ACK packets to senders for reliable end-to-end transfer. However, due to network congestion in the backward direction, ACK packets may not be successfully transferred, which causes the degradation of TCP performance. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a reverse congestion warning mechanism and a congestion handling mechanism in heterogeneous networks with heavy background traffic in the backward direction. In the proposed scheme, senders detect the reverse direction congestion and execute an exponential backoff algorithm in advance instead of waiting for RTO expiration. According to the simulation results using the NS-2 network simulator, the proposed scheme shows a performance elevation of 20% than Reno, 150% than New Reno, and 450% than Westwood, respectively, under heterogeneous networks and that the error rate of the radio link is 1% when the backward network is congested.