State-of-the-art development of hybrid/mixed finite element method
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design - Special issue: mixed and hybrid finite element methods—part I
Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis
Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis
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Three-dimensional hybrid finite elements are proposed to the analysis of laminated composite plates. Two independent fields are approximated: stresses within the elements and displacements on their boundary. The required stress field in point-wise equilibrium is generated by harmonic and orthogonal hierarchical polynomials, adapted from Papkovitch-Neuber solution of Navier equations for isotropic material. The solving system is symmetric, highly sparse and well conditioned. The elements are suited to p-refinement and present low sensitivity to mesh distortion. Illustrative applications are given to evaluate displacements and stresses.