The digital signature standard
Communications of the ACM
Random oracles are practical: a paradigm for designing efficient protocols
CCS '93 Proceedings of the 1st ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Meta-ElGamal signature schemes
CCS '94 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Computer and communications security
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
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One of the fundamental problems of public key cryptography is protecting the private key. Private keys are too long to be remembered by the user, and storing them in the device which performs the private key operation is insecure as long as the device is subject to capture. In this paper, we propose server-assisted protocols for the ElGamal signature scheme which make the system capture resilient in the sense that the security of the system is not compromised even if the signature device is captured. The protocols also have a key disabling feature which allows a user to disable the device's private key in case both the device and the password of the user are compromised simultaneously.