A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition
Readings in speech recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
Invariant features for 3-D gesture recognition
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
Real Time Face and Object Tracking as a Component of a Perceptual User Interface
WACV '98 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV'98)
Feature Selection for Visual Gesture Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models
ENC '04 Proceedings of the Fifth Mexican International Conference in Computer Science
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Most gesture recognition systems are based only on hand motion information, and are designed mainly for communicative gestures. However, many activities of everyday life involve interaction with surrounding objects. We propose a new approach for the recognition of manipulative gestures that interact with objects in the environment. The method uses non-intrusive vision-based techniques. The hands of a person are detected and tracked using an adaptive skin color segmentation process, so the system can operate in a wide range of lighting conditions. Gesture recognition is based on hidden Markov models, combining motion and contextual information, where the context refers to the relation of the position of the hand with other objects. The approach was implemented and evaluated on two different domains: video conference and assistance, obtaining gesture recognition rates from 94 % to 99.47 %. The system is very efficient so it is adequate for use in real-time applications.