A random binary tree generator
CSC '89 Proceedings of the 17th conference on ACM Annual Computer Science Conference
Efficient suffix trees on secondary storage
Proceedings of the seventh annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Succinct Representation of Balanced Parentheses and Static Trees
SIAM Journal on Computing
Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science
Succinct ordinal trees with level-ancestor queries
SODA '04 Proceedings of the fifteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Orderly Spanning Trees with Applications
SIAM Journal on Computing
Representing Trees of Higher Degree
Algorithmica
Space-efficient static trees and graphs
SFCS '89 Proceedings of the 30th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Efficient implementation of rank and select functions for succinct representation
WEA'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Experimental and Efficient Algorithms
EDBT '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Extending database technology: Advances in database technology
Balanced parentheses strike back
ACM Transactions on Algorithms (TALG)
SOFSEM '07 Proceedings of the 33rd conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science
An(other) Entropy-Bounded Compressed Suffix Tree
CPM '08 Proceedings of the 19th annual symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching
Faster entropy-bounded compressed suffix trees
Theoretical Computer Science
A succinct N-gram language model
ACLShort '09 Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers
Polynomial to linear: efficient classification with conjunctive features
EMNLP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Volume 3 - Volume 3
On the size of succinct indices
ESA'07 Proceedings of the 15th annual European conference on Algorithms
New methods for compression of MP double array by compact management of suffixes
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Fully-functional succinct trees
SODA '10 Proceedings of the twenty-first annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete Algorithms
Succinct indexes for strings, binary relations and multilabeled trees
ACM Transactions on Algorithms (TALG)
ESP-index: a compressed index based on edit-sensitive parsing
SPIRE'11 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on String processing and information retrieval
Dynamizing succinct tree representations
SEA'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Experimental Algorithms
ESP-index: A compressed index based on edit-sensitive parsing
Journal of Discrete Algorithms
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Ordinal trees are arbitrary rooted trees where the children of each node are ordered. We consider succinct, or highly space-efficient, representations of (static) ordinal trees with n nodes that use 2n + o(n) bits of space to represent ordinal trees. There are a number of such representations: each supports a different set of tree operations in O(1) time on the RAM model. In this paper we focus on the practical performance the fundamental Level-Order Unary Degree Sequence (LOUDS) representation [Jacobson, Proc. 30th FOCS, 549-554, 1989]. Due to its conceptual simplicity, LOUDS would appear to be a representation with good practical performance. A tree can also be represented succinctly as a balanced parenthesis sequence [Munro and Raman, SIAM J. Comput. 31 (2001), 762-776; Jacobson, op. cit.; Geary et al. Proc. 15th CPM Symp., LNCS 3109, pp. 159-172, 2004]. In essence, the two representations are complementary, and have only the basic navigational operations in common ( parent, first-child, last-child, prev-sibling, next-sibling). Unfortunately, a naive implementation of LOUDS is not competitive with the parenthesis implementation of Geary et al. on the common set of operations. We propose variants of LOUDS, of which one, called LOUDS++, is competitive with the parenthesis representation. A motivation is the succinct representation of large static XML documents, and our tests involve traversing XML documents in various canonical orders.