Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Pictorial Structures for Object Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
A comparison of shape constrained facial feature detectors
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
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We describe a novel technique called Analytic Boosted Cascade Detector (ABCD) to automatically locate features on the human face. ABCD extends the original Boosted Cascade Detector (BCD) in three ways: (i) a probabilistic model is included to connect the classifier responses with the facial features; (ii) a features location method based on the probabilistic model is formulated; (iii) a selection criterion for face candidates is presented. The new technique melts face detection and facial features location into a unified process. It outperforms Average Positions (AVG) and Boosted Classifiers + best response (BestHit). It also shows great speed superior to the methods based on nonlinear optimization, e.g. AAM and SOS.