The ANF of the composition of addition and multiplication mod 2n

  • Authors:
  • An Braeken;Igor Semaev

  • Affiliations:
  • Department Electrical Engineering, ESAT/COSIC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium;Selmer Center, Inst. for Informatikk, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

  • Venue:
  • FSE'05 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Fast Software Encryption
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

Compact formulas are derived to represent the Algebraic Normal Form (ANF) of $f(\bar{x} + \bar{a}~mod~2^{n})$ and $f(\bar{x} \times \bar{a}~mod~2^{n})$ from the ANF of f, where f is a Boolean function on $\mathbb{F}^{n}_{2}$ and $\bar{a}$ is a constant of $\mathbb{F}^{n}_{2}$. We compare the algebraic degree of the composed functions with the algebraic degree of the original function f. As an application, the formula for addition modulo 2n is applied in an algebraic attack on the summation generator and the E0 encryption scheme in the Bluetooth keystream generator.