Uncheatable Distributed Computations
CT-RSA 2001 Proceedings of the 2001 Conference on Topics in Cryptology: The Cryptographer's Track at RSA
Telling humans and computers apart automatically
Communications of the ACM - Information cities
Foundations of Cryptography: Volume 2, Basic Applications
Foundations of Cryptography: Volume 2, Basic Applications
Labeling images with a computer game
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Secure distributed human computation
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
Approximate object location and spam filtering on peer-to-peer systems
Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 2003 International Conference on Middleware
A secure and optimally efficient multi-authority election scheme
EUROCRYPT'97 Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
CAPTCHA: using hard AI problems for security
EUROCRYPT'03 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques
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We suggest a general paradigm of using large-scale distributed computation to solve difficult problems, but where humans can act as agents and provide candidate solutions. We are especially motivated by problem classes that appear to be difficult for computers to solve effectively, but are easier for humans; e.g., image analysis, speech recognition, and natural language processing. This paradigm already seems to be employed in several real-world scenarios, but we are unaware of any formal and unified attempt to study it. Nonetheless, this concept spawns interesting research questions in cryptography, algorithm design, human computer interfaces, and programming language / API design, among other fields. There are also interesting implications for Internet commerce and the B24b model. We describe this general research area at a high level and touch upon some preliminary work; a more extensive treatment can be found in [6].