Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Routing in multi-radio, multi-hop wireless mesh networks
Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Wireless mesh networks: a survey
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
On accurate measurement of link quality in multi-hop wireless mesh networks
Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Load-balanced routing for mesh networks
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Proposed routing for IEEE 802.11s WLAN mesh networks
WICON '06 Proceedings of the 2nd annual international workshop on Wireless internet
A hybrid centralized routing protocol for 802.11s WMNs
Mobile Networks and Applications
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
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The IEEE 802.11s draft is the first attempt to develop a standard fully intended for the rapidly growing Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). Performance of a WMN is largely affected by the design of routing protocol and the associated metric. The recent version D2.02 of 802.11s has defined Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) and Airtime as the default path selection protocol and metric, respectively. However, Airtime and other well known existing routing metrics do not consider the impact of backoff delay and queueing delay, and hence, ignored some important factors like transmission time of the contending nodes, their loads and densities which might hinder the network performance. In this paper, we first identify the parameters that affect the forwarding time of a packet and then, design a new routing metric referred to as EFD (Expected Forwarding Delay) that estimates the forwarding time of a packet of particular traffic class in a node and selects the best path (high throughput) having minimum cumulative expected forwarding delay. We also made changes to the path selection criteria, metric propagation and route update intervals of HWMP, so that more stable paths can be chosen. Finally, we incorporate our new metric with the modified HWMP and study the performance through extensive simulations. Results indicate that the proposed mechanism outperforms others in terms of average network throughput, end-to-end delay and packet loss rate.