Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A two-tier data dissemination model for large-scale wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Energy-aware data-centric routing in microsensor networks
MSWIM '03 Proceedings of the 6th ACM international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Minimum-energy asynchronous dissemination to mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Learning-Enforced Time Domain Routing to Mobile Sinks in Wireless Sensor Fields
LCN '04 Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks
Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey
IEEE Wireless Communications
M-Geocast: Robust and Energy-Efficient Geometric Routing for Mobile Sensor Networks
SEUS '08 Proceedings of the 6th IFIP WG 10.2 international workshop on Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems
Event-driven power management for wireless sensor networks
SEUS'07 Proceedings of the 5th IFIP WG 10.2 international conference on Software technologies for embedded and ubiquitous systems
Reliability of wireless sensors with code attestation for intrusion detection
Information Processing Letters
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In this paper we propose a new routing protocol called virtual sink rotation (VSR) routing for large-scale sensor networks. VSR can efficiently handle a large number of sources as well as a large number of sinks with potential mobility. Each sensor node is not required to know the global network topology nor the location awareness. The main ideas underlying the VSR are two folds. First, to alleviate the frequent location updates associated with multiple mobile sinks, the algorithm introduces a virtual sink, which acts as a data collection and dissemination center to collect the data from all the sources and forward them to the actual sinks. This virtual sink can easily support multiple sinks as well as the mobility of the sinks. Second, to address the excessive energy consumption among the sensor nodes around a sink, VSR employs virtual sink rotation, which distributes the role of the virtual sink over all the participating sensor nodes, thus achieving a uniform energy distribution across the entire sensor field and prolonging the lifetime of the network. Experimentation results confirm that the VSR routing can significantly save energy while it can also reduce both the message delay and the message delivery failures compared to previous schemes.