Program construction and verification
Program construction and verification
Mechanizing programming logics in higher order logic
Current trends in hardware verification and automated theorem proving
A train set as a case study for the requirements analysis of safety-critical systems
The Computer Journal - Special issue on safety and security parallel computation
Achieving high integrity of process control software by graphical design and formal verification
Software Engineering Journal
POPL '85 Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages
An axiomatic basis for computer programming
Communications of the ACM
A Highly Dependable Computing Architecture for Safety-CriticalControl Applications
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on safety-critical systems
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Programmable logic controllers are popular in process-control applications, but the software can be very complex. To make it easier to verify the safety of PLC software, we have created a rigorous process that uses formal specifications of function blocks, which are typically used in safety-critical control and automation applications. Key to the process is the use of Obj, an algebraic language that lets you specify requirements and designs independently of any data representation and implementation. We also used the Obj3 system, which supports the latest version of Obj with an interpreter and a functional programming environment, to automate parts of the specification testing and formal verification.