Connected components and evolution of random graphs: an algebraic approach

  • Authors:
  • René Schott;G. Stacey Staples

  • Affiliations:
  • IECN and LORIA Nancy Université, Université Henri Poincaré, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France 54506;Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, USA 62026-1653

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics: An International Journal
  • Year:
  • 2012

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Abstract

Questions about a graph's connected components are answered by studying appropriate powers of a special "adjacency matrix" constructed with entries in a commutative algebra whose generators are idempotent. The approach is then applied to the Erdös---Rényi model of sequences of random graphs. Developed herein is a method of encoding the relevant information from graph processes into a "second quantization" operator and using tools of quantum probability and infinite-dimensional analysis to derive formulas that reveal the exact values of quantities that otherwise can only be approximated. In particular, the expected size of a maximal connected component, the probability of existence of a component of particular size, and the expected number of spanning trees in a random graph are obtained.