Large files, small writes, and pNFS
Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference on Supercomputing
A comparison of file system workloads
ATEC '00 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
A comparative experimental study of parallel file systems for large-scale data processing
LASCO'08 First USENIX Workshop on Large-Scale Computing
Directory-Based Metadata Optimizations for Small Files in PVFS
Euro-Par '08 Proceedings of the 14th international Euro-Par conference on Parallel Processing
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While cluster file systems exploit data striping scheme to boost large file I/O throughput, small file performance is impaired and neglected. Common metadata-based optimizations introduce obstacles such as metadata server overload and migration latency. In this paper, a novel adaptive migration strategy is incorporated into metadata-based optimization to alleviate these side effects by migrating file dynamically. Guided by proposed adaptive migration threshold model, two types of file migration are applied to reduce metadata server load without degrading current performance of file system obviously. Schemes of latency hiding and migration consistency are also introduced to reduce overhead induced by small file optimization. Our results indicate that proposed optimization can substantially improve file creation and deletion performance, and boost small file I/O throughput by more than 20%. Moreover, side effects on overall performance produced by file migration are slight and can be absorbed by improvements.