Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Robust Watermarking of Polygonal Meshes
GMP '00 Proceedings of the Geometric Modeling and Processing 2000
Digital Watermarking of Three-Dimensional Polygonal Models in the Spherical Coordinate System
CGI '04 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International
A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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In this paper, we propose a new scheme for digital watermarking of three-dimensional (3-D) triangle meshes. In order to insert and extract watermark signals, we generate triangle strips by traversing the 3-D mesh model. We split the strips into two groups. For the first groups we embed the watermark signal into vertex positions of the 3-D model in the DCT domain, and for the second group, we embed the watermark in the vertex positions in the spherical coordinates. We use space-time coding for watermark data before embedding in the mesh. The information of the two generated bitstream of space-time coder are embedded in DCT and spherical coordinate of the mesh. At the receiver, the space-time decoder combines the information of each bitstream to reconstruct the watermark data. In both cases, we apply masking operation for the watermark signal according to the variation of the host data along the traversed strips so that we can change the embedding strength adaptively, and reduce the visibility distortion of the data embedding. We test robustness of the watermarking scheme by embedding a random binary sequence and applying different attacks, such as additive random noise, compression by MPEG-4 SNHC, and affine transform.