The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Towards improving the naturalness of social conversations with dialogue systems
SIGDIAL '10 Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
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This paper addresses a first step toward a spoken dialogue system that evokes user's spontaneous backchannels. We construct an HMM-based dialogue-style text-to-speech (TTS) system that generates human-like cues that evoke users' backchannels. A spoken dialogue system for information navigation was implemented and the TTS was evaluated in terms of evoked user backchannels. We conducted user experiments and demonstrated that the user backchannels evoked by our TTS are more informative for the system in detecting users' feelings than those by conventional reading-style TTS.