The R*-tree: an efficient and robust access method for points and rectangles
SIGMOD '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
A Real-Time Matching System for Large Fingerprint Databases
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The pyramid-technique: towards breaking the curse of dimensionality
SIGMOD '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Multidimensional binary search trees used for associative searching
Communications of the ACM
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
R-trees: a dynamic index structure for spatial searching
SIGMOD '84 Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
The R+-Tree: A Dynamic Index for Multi-Dimensional Objects
VLDB '87 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
The X-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Data
VLDB '96 Proceedings of the 22th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition
Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition
Guide to Biometrics
A two-stage fingerprint classification system
WBMA '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMM workshop on Biometrics methods and applications
Indexing Multimodal Biometric Databases Using Kd-Tree with Feature Level Fusion
ICISS '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems Security
An efficient technique for indexing multimodal biometric databases
International Journal of Biometrics
Robust iris indexing scheme using geometric hashing of SIFT keypoints
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
An efficient indexing scheme for iris biometric using k-d-b trees
ICIC'13 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Computing Theories and Technology
Local feature based retrieval approach for iris biometrics
Frontiers of Computer Science: Selected Publications from Chinese Universities
Parallel geometric hashing for robust iris indexing
Journal of Real-Time Image Processing
Journal of Real-Time Image Processing
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Biometric identification has emerged as a reliable means of controlling access to both physical and virtual spaces. In spite of the rapid proliferation of large-scale databases, the research has thus far been focused only on accuracy within small databases. However, as the size of the database increases, not only does the response time deteriorate, but so does the accuracy of the system. Thus for larger applications it is essential to prune the database to a smaller fraction which would not only ensure higher speeds, but also aid in achieving higher accuracy. Unlike structured information such as text or numeric data that can be sorted, biometric data does not have a natural sorting order making indexing the biometric database a challenging problem. In this paper we show the efficacy of indexing hand geometry biometric using the Pyramid Technique, to reduce the search space to just 8.86% of the entire database, while maintaining a 0% FRR.