Fundamentals of speech recognition
Fundamentals of speech recognition
Biometrics, Personal Identification in Networked Society: Personal Identification in Networked Society
Comparison of Face Verification Results on the XM2VTS Database
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 4
Fast features for face authentication under illumination direction changes
Pattern Recognition Letters
The BANCA database and evaluation protocol
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
A comparative evaluation of fusion strategies for multimodal biometric verification
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Comparison of MLP and GMM classifiers for face verification on XM2VTS
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Score Fusion by Maximizing the Area under the ROC Curve
IbPRIA '09 Proceedings of the 4th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis
Classifier combining rules under independence assumptions
MCS'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multiple classifier systems
Quality controlled multimodal fusion of biometric experts
CIARP'07 Proceedings of the Congress on pattern recognition 12th Iberoamerican conference on Progress in pattern recognition, image analysis and applications
Four machine learning algorithms for biometrics fusion: a comparative study
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
Multimodal fingerprint verification by score-level fusion: An experimental investigation
Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology
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Fusing the scores of several biometric systems is a very promising approach to improve the overall system's accuracy. Despite many works in the literature, it is surprising that there is no coordinated effort in making a benchmark database available. It should be noted that fusion in this context consists not only of multimodal fusion, but also intramodal fusion, i.e., fusing systems using the same biometric modality but different features, or same features but using different classifiers. Building baseline systems from scratch often prevents researchers from putting more efforts in understanding the fusion problem. This paper describes a database of scores taken from experiments carried out on the XM2VTS face and speaker verification database. It then proposes several fusion protocols and provides some state-of-the-art tools to evaluate the fusion performance.