Design and implementation of a WLAN/cdma2000 interworking architecture
IEEE Communications Magazine
Network smart card performing U(SIM) functionalities in AAA protocol architectures
WISTP'08 Proceedings of the 2nd IFIP WG 11.2 international conference on Information security theory and practices: smart devices, convergence and next generation networks
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Wireless LAN access networks show a strong potential in providing a broadband complement to Third Generation cellular systems. 3G networks provide a wider service area, and ubiquitous connectivity with low-speed data rates. WLAN networks offer higher data rate but cover smaller areas. Integrating 3G and WLAN networks can offer subscribers high-speed wireless data services as well as ubiquitous connectivity. The key issue involved in achieving these objectives is the development of integration architectures of WLAN and 3G technologies. The choice of the integration point depends on a number of factors including handoff latency, mobility support, cost-performance benefit, security, authentication, accounting and billing mechanisms. We review 3G-WLAN integration architectures and investigate two such architectures in the case when the UMTS network is connected to a WLAN network at different integration points, namely the SGSN and the GGSN. The evaluation of these integration architectures were conducted through experimental simulation tests using OPNET.