Print and generation copy image watermarking based on spread spectrum technique

Authors:
Ping Chen;Kagenori Nagao;Yao Zhao;Jeng-Shyang Pan
Affiliations:
Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China;Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd;Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China;National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Taiwan
Venue:
KES'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part II
Year:
2005

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A Stochastic Approach to Content Adaptive Digital Image Watermarking

IH '99 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding

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Abstract

After a watermarked image is printed, copied several times and scanned, the watermark usually cannot be extracted rightly, as well as distorted by noise. In this paper, a spread spectrum technique was introduced to image watermarking which can be applied to print and generation copy. The watermarking message is modulated by the key-dependent pseudo-random sequences to produce a spread spectrum signal. The watermark is embedded into the cover image by modifying the gray value of each pixel. The cover image is not needed when the watermark is detected. The watermark is estimated exploiting the properties of HVS(Human Visual System) and extracted through the same key-dependent 2D sequences. Experimental results show that the scheme can resist print, generation copy and scan process.