Phase transitions in artificial intelligence systems
Artificial Intelligence
Advances in computers
Emergence: from chaos to order
Emergence: from chaos to order
Communications of the ACM
Artificial Intelligence
A new kind of science
Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention & Problem Solving
Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention & Problem Solving
Self-Organization in Biological Systems
Self-Organization in Biological Systems
Fractals in Science
Two philosophical applications of algorithmic information theory
DMTCS'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science
Toward formal models of biologically inspired, highly parallel machine cognition
International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems
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A smart system exhibits the four important properties: (i) Interactive, collective, coordinated and efficient Operation (ii) Self -organization and emergence (iii) Power law scaling under emergence (iv) Adaptive. We describe the role of fractal and percolation models for understanding smart systems. A hierarchy based on metric entropy is suggested among the computational systems to differentiate ordinary system from the smart system. Engineering a general purpose smart system is not feasible, since emergence is a global behaviour (or a goal) that evolves from the local behaviour (goals) of components. This is due to the fact that the evolutionary rules for the global goal is non-computable, as it cannot be expressed as a finite composition of computable function of local goals for any arbitrary problem domain.