Fundamentals of digital image processing
Fundamentals of digital image processing
Automatic Representation of Binary Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Curves and surfaces for computer aided geometric design (3rd ed.): a practical guide
Curves and surfaces for computer aided geometric design (3rd ed.): a practical guide
Embedding robust labels into images for copyright protection
KnowRight '95 Proceedings of the conference on Intellectual property rights and new technologies
Robust watermarking of cartographic images
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing - Emerging applications of multimedia data hiding
A Shape-Preserving Data Embedding Algorithm for NURBS Curves and Surfaces
CGI '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics
Watermarking 2D Vector Maps in the Mesh-Spectral Domain
SMI '03 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2003
Watermarking Polygonal Lines Using Fourier Descriptors
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Data hiding in binary image for authentication and annotation
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image registration by "Super-curves"
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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This paper presents a new method for robust data hiding in curves and highlights potential applications including digital fingerprinting of map document for trace and track purposes. We parameterize a curve using the B-spline model and add a spread spectrum sequence to the coordinates of the B-spline control points. In order to achieve robust fingerprint detection, we propose an iterative alignment-minimization algorithm to perform curve registration and deal with the non-uniqueness of B-spline control points. We show through experiments the robustness of our method against various attacks such as collusion, geometric transformations and perturbation, printing-and-scanning, and some of their combinations. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method for fingerprinting topographic maps as well as writings and drawings. The extension from hiding data in 2D topographic maps to 3D elevation data sets is also discussed.