Spread spectrum signal design: LPE and AJ systems
Spread spectrum signal design: LPE and AJ systems
IBM Systems Journal
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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In this paper, digital watermarking scheme that is intelligent and effective in protecting a copyright of image data under image transformation such as scaling, rotation, and JPEG lossy compression is proposed. Especially, the proposed scheme is a robust algorithm for mobile content service. It means that the proposed watermarking is robustness to protect impulse noise attacks. The watermark and inserted watermark are very different from each other. The original watermark is recomposed using the code granted to a copyrighter or customer. The proposed algorithm is an extension of spread-spectrum watermarking algorithm that obtains the convolution value of PN sequence. Correlator and decision circuit in our algorithm are required. Because just a little watermark is embedded in the original image, this decision circuit plays an important role for detecting this watermark and then the intelligent method for the decision must be required. Degradation of image quality between original image and watermarked image in order to confirm required invisibility in the digital watermarking system and watermark robustness to protect various attacks from the outside are analyzed using the value of PSNR and recovered rate of watermark image. The experimental result shows that image quality is less degraded as the PSNR of 93.75 dB. It is also observed that excellent watermark detection is achieved under an image transformation and JPEG lossy compression, and watermark can be effectively detected in case of the image inserted impulse noise, which PSNR is 7.97 dB.