Mersenne twister: a 623-dimensionally equidistributed uniform pseudo-random number generator
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS) - Special issue on uniform random number generation
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Hidden digital watermarks in images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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Redundant coding is a basic method that embeds watermarks repeatedly in every frame or region and thus can prevent errors by the accumulation of the frames or the regions in watermark detection. It would not always be effective, however, because many kinds of image processing would remove watermarks from specific frames or regions and then remaining watermarks would be attenuated by the accumulation procedure of the frames or the regions from which watermarks were removed. We therefore propose a detection method preventing this attenuation by estimating bit-error rate from each watermarked region and selecting the regions so that the region accumulating the selected regions has the mimimal bit-error rate. Experimental evaluations have shown that the new method can improve watermark survivability after MPEG encoding by an average of 15.5% and can be widely used in statistically based watermarking.