Formal refinement patterns for goal-driven requirements elaboration
SIGSOFT '96 Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Using a classification of management policies for policy specification and policy transformation
Proceedings of the fourth international symposium on Integrated network management IV
Intent Specifications: An Approach to Building Human-Centered Specifications
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Systematic Approach to Safety Case Maintenance
SAFECOMP '99 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
Policy Definition Language for Automated Management of Distributed Systems
SMW '96 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Systems Management (SMW'96)
Tropos: An Agent-Oriented Software Development Methodology
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Emergent Properties Do Not Refine
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
RISE'06 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Rapid integration of software engineering techniques
System of systems hazard analysis using simulation and machine learning
SAFECOMP'06 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security
SAFECOMP'06 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security
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A ‘system of systems' (SoS) comprises many other systems operating collectively with a shared purpose. Individual system autonomy can give rise to unpredictable, and potentially undesirable, emergent behaviour. A policy is a set of rules that bounds the behaviours of entities. Policy can be expressed at various levels of abstraction. By building on existing goal-based decomposition approaches this paper proposes policy as a means of achieving safety in SoS. The decomposition of policy to lower levels of abstraction must be carried out in a consistent, complete and systematic manner. The approach is agent-oriented and emphasises the recognition of contextual assumptions (such as knowledge of other agents' behaviour) in decomposing policy. To this end we present patterns of decomposition based on KAOS tactics of refinement. The application of these patterns, expressed in the Goal Structuring Notation, is illustrated using existing civil aerospace policy (the Rules of the Air Regulations).