Combinatorics: set systems, hypergraphs, families of vectors, and combinatorial probability
Combinatorics: set systems, hypergraphs, families of vectors, and combinatorial probability
An on-line graph coloring algorithm with sublinear performance ratio
Discrete Mathematics
Fully dynamic secret sharing schemes
CRYPTO '93 Proceedings of the 13th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
On the information rate of perfect secret sharing schemes
Designs, Codes and Cryptography
On the information rate of secret sharing schemes
Theoretical Computer Science
Tight Bounds on the Information Rate of Secret SharingSchemes
Designs, Codes and Cryptography
Covering a graph by complete bipartite graphs
Discrete Mathematics
Information Theory: Coding Theorems for Discrete Memoryless Systems
Information Theory: Coding Theorems for Discrete Memoryless Systems
Proceedings of the 5th IMA Conference on Cryptography and Coding
Secure multi-party computation made simple
Discrete Applied Mathematics - Special issue: Coding and cryptography
On secret sharing schemes, matroids and polymatroids
TCC'07 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Theory of cryptography
Two Constructions on Limits of Entropy Functions
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
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In a perfect secret sharing scheme the dealer distributes shares to participants so that qualified subsets can recover the secret, while unqualified subsets have no information on the secret. In an on-line secret sharing scheme the dealer assigns shares in the order the participants show up, knowing only those qualified subsets whose all members she has seen. We often assume that the overall access structure (the set of minimal qualified subsets) is known and only the order of the participants is unknown. On-line secret sharing is a useful primitive when the set of participants grows in time, and redistributing the secret when a new participant shows up is too expensive. In this paper we start the investigation of unconditionally secure on-line secret sharing schemes. The complexity of a secret sharing scheme is the size of the largest share a single participant can receive over the size of the secret. The infimum of this amount in the on-line or off-line setting is the on-line or off-line complexity of the access structure, respectively. For paths on at most five vertices and cycles on at most six vertices the on-line and offline complexities are equal, while for other paths and cycles these values differ. We show that the gap between these values can be arbitrarily large even for graph based access structures. We present a general on-line secret sharing scheme that we call first-fit. Its complexity is the maximal degree of the access structure. We show, however, that this on-line scheme is never optimal: the on-line complexity is always strictly less than the maximal degree. On the other hand, we give examples where the first-fit scheme is almost optimal, namely, the on-line complexity can be arbitrarily close to the maximal degree. The performance ratio is the ratio of the on-line and off-line complexities of the same access structure. We show that for graphs the performance ratio is smaller than the number of vertices, and for an infinite family of graphs the performance ratio is at least constant times the square root of the number of vertices.