Bugs as deviant behavior: a general approach to inferring errors in systems code
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
An empirical study of operating systems errors
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Embedded Software Development with eCos
Embedded Software Development with eCos
From uncertainty to belief: inferring the specification within
OSDI '06 Proceedings of the 7th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Software engineering
An analysis of the variability in forty preprocessor-based software product lines
Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 1
Variability modeling in the real: a perspective from the operating systems domain
Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering
Faults in linux: ten years later
Proceedings of the sixteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Analyzing the discipline of preprocessor annotations in 30 million lines of C code
Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Aspect-oriented software development
Proceedings of the sixth conference on Computer systems
Configuration coverage in the analysis of large-scale system software
PLOS '11 Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Programming Languages and Operating Systems
Variability-aware parsing in the presence of lexical macros and conditional compilation
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
Mining Kbuild to Detect Variability Anomalies in Linux
CSMR '12 Proceedings of the 2012 16th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering
A robust approach for variability extraction from the Linux build system
Proceedings of the 16th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1
A study of variability spaces in open source software
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering
Scalable analysis of variable software
Proceedings of the 2013 9th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering
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Managing variability is hard. This applies both to feature modeling itself as well as the maintenance of the corresponding feature implementations which poses additional challenges. Especially in embedded systems and system software that are developed using the tools CPP, GCC and MAKE, feature realizations happen on different levels of abstractions, concepts and implementation languages. This particularly applies to Linux, which exposes over 11000 features on over two dozen different architectures. While features are modeled centrally with the Kconfig tool, feature-code is realized in various source-files and managed by the Kbuild build-system. In this article, we identify and relate levels of variability on which feature-code is implemented. The quantification of variability on the different levels in Linux disproves two common beliefs about the amount of implemented variability.