The vocal communication of different kinds of smile
Speech Communication
Effect of emotion and articulation of speech on the uncanny valley in virtual characters
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part II
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The present paper reports on results of a study investigating changes of lip features, larynx position and acoustics caused by smiling while speaking. 20 triplets of words containing one of the vowels /a:/, /i:/, /u:/ were spoken and audiovisually recorded. Lip features were extracted manually as well as using a 3D motion capture technique, formants were measured in the acoustic signal, and the vertical larynx position was determined where visible. Results show that during production of /u:/ F1 and F2 are not significantly affected despite of changes of lip features while F3 is increased. For /a:/ F1 and F3 are unchanged where for /i:/ only F3 is not affected. Furthermore, while the effect of smiling on the outer lip features is comparable between vowels, inner lip features are differently affected for different vowels. These differences in the impact on /a:/, /i:/ and /u:/ suggest that the effect of smiling on vowel production is vowel dependent.