Protocol verification made simple: a tutorial
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems - Special issue on protocol specification, testing and verification
Elements of network protocol design
Elements of network protocol design
Stable internet routing without global coordination
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The stable paths problem and interdomain routing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
IEEE Transactions on Computers
On the correctness of IBGP configuration
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Route oscillations in I-BGP with route reflection
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Analysis of the MED Oscillation Problem in BGP
ICNP '02 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Policy Disputes in Path-Vector Protocols
ICNP '99 Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on Network Protocols
An architecture for stable, analyzable Internet routing
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
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The Internet consists of many self-administered and inter-connected Autonomous Systems (ASms). ASms exchange inter-AS routing information with each other via the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Neighboring BGP routers located in different ASms share their inter-AS routing information via external BGP (eBGP), whereas two routers in the same AS share their inter-AS routing information via internal BGP (iBGP). From the paths received from its peers, each BGP router chooses the best path based on routing policies chosen locally at its own AS. Conflicting policies between different ASms may cause divergence problems in eBGP, i.e., permanent oscillations in the chosen path to the destination. On the other hand, divergence problems may also occur in iBGP. This is caused by the interaction of route-reflection clustering, which is a technique to improve the scalability of iBGP, and other factors, such as intra-AS link costs, among others. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive solution that avoids all the known anomalies with both eBGP and iBGP. In our solution, each AS can locally choose its routing policies, while still ensuring anomaly-free behavior.